Cultures of “” from Various Collections Comprise , and Two Other Distinct Types Based on DNA-DNA Reassociation Free

Abstract

The best-known acetone-butanol (solvent)-producing bacterium is the Weizmann organism, , which was used for starch-based industrial fermentation. In the past two decades, cultures of “C, ” from various culture collections have included organisms that were isolated for sugar (molusses)-based industrial solvent production. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have revealed significant differences among some of these “ strains. We used DNA-DNA reassociation to analyze 39 cultures of “ and phenotypically similar organisms from major collections. The results of this study clearly identified four groups with intergroup reassociation values of less than 30%. All of the intragroup values except the value for one strain were 68% or more, which supported species status for each group. The group (with ATCC 824 as the type strain) consisted of 17 cultures and had average reassociation values of 10% with the other three groups. All strains of produced riboflavin in milk, and the cultures were bright yellow, which is useful for differentiating this species from the other three uroups. The group (with VPI 5481 [= ATCC 25752] as the type strain) consisted of 16 cultures and included strains NCIMB 8052 and NCP 270. Strains NCP 262 and NRRL B643 constituted the third group, whereas strain N1–4 (“) and its derivative, strain N1-4081, formed the fourth group. At present, the last two groups are each represented by only one independent strain; difinitive descriptions of these two groups as two new or revived species will require further phenotypic characterization, as well as identification of additional strains. NCP 270, sp. strain NRRL B643, and “ were used in industrial solvent production from molasses, which confirms that the new organisms used for the sugar-based processes are distinct from .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-420
1997-01-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/47/2/ijs-47-2-420.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-420&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bahl H., Andersch W., Gottschalk G. 1982; Continuous production of acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum in a two-stage phosphate limited chemostat. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 15:201–205
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barber J. M., Robb F. T., Webster J. R., Woods D. R. 1979; Bacteriocin production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in an industrial fermentation process. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 37:433–437
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beesch S. C. 1952; Acetone-butanol fermentation of sugars. Ind. Eng. Chern 44:1677–1682
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chen J.-S., Hiu S. F. 1986; Acetone-butanol-isopropanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii (synonym, Clostridium butylicum). Biotechnol. Lett 8:371–376
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins M. D., Lawson P. A., Willems A., Cordoba J. J., Fernandez-Garayzabal J., Garcia P., Cai J., Hippe H., Farrow J. A. E. 1994; The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:812–826
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cummins C. S., Johnson J. L. 1971; Taxonomy of the clostridia: wall composition and DNA homologies in Clostridium butyricum and other butyric acid-producing clostridia. J. Gen. Microbiol 67:33–46
    [Google Scholar]
  7. George H. A., Johnson J. L., Moore W. E. C., Holdeman L. V., Chen J.-S. 1983; Acetone, isopropanol, and butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. Clostridium butylicum) and Clostridium aurantibutyricum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 45:1160–1163
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hongo M., Murata A. 1965; Bacteriophages of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. I. Some characteristics of the twelve phages obtained from the abnormally fermented broths. Agric. Biol. Chern 29:1135–1139
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hutson R. A., Thompson D. E., Collins M. D. 1993; Genetic interrelationships of saccharolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F and related Clostridia as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 108:103–110
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Johnson J. L. 1984 Bacterial classification. III. Nucleic acids in bacterial classification. 8–11 Krieg N. R., Holt J. G.ed Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology 1 Williams and Wilkins; Baltimore, Md:
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Johnson J. L. 1994 Similarity analysis of DNAs. 655–682 Gerhardt P., Murray R. G. E., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R.ed Methods for general and molecular bacteriology American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C:
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Johnson J. L., Chen J.-S. 1995; Taxonomic relationships among strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum and other phenotypically similar organisms. FEMS Microbiol. Rev 17:233–240
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnson J. L., Francis B. S. 1975; Taxonomy of the Clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. J. Gen. Microbiol 88:229–244
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jones D. T., Keis S. 1995; Origins and relationships of industrial solvent-producing clostridial strains. FEMS Microbiol. Rev 17:223–232
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1986; Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited. Microbiol. Rev 50:484–524
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Keis S., Bennett C. F., Ward V. K., Jones D. T. 1995; Taxonomy and phylogeny of industrial solvent-producing Clostridia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 45:693–705
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Langlykke A. F., Peterson W. H., McCoy E. 1935; Products from the fermentation of glucose and arabinose by butyric acid anaerobes. J. Bacteriol 29:333–347
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lawson P. A., Llop-Perez P., Hutsun R. A., Hippe H., Collins M. D. 1993; Towards a phylogeny of the clostridia based on 16S rRNA sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 113:87–92
    [Google Scholar]
  19. McCoy E., Fred E. B., Peterson W. H., Hastings E. G. 1926; A cultural study of the acetone butyl alcohol organism. J. Infect. Dis 39:457–483
    [Google Scholar]
  20. McCoy E., Fred E. B., Peterson W. H., Hastings E. G. 1930; A cultural study of certain anaerobic butyric-acid-forming bacteria. J. Infect. Dis 46:118–137
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Moore L. V. H., Bourne D. M., Moore W. E. C. 1994; Comparative distribution and taxonomic value of cellular fatty acids in thirty-three genera of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:338–347
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Reysset G., Hubert J., Podvin L., Sebald M. 1987; Protoplast formation and regeneration of Clostridium acetobutylicum strain Nl-4080. J. Gen. Microbiol 133:2595–2600
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Richard O. 1948; Variation in morphological and biochemical characteristics of anaerobic butyric acid bacteria. Nature (London) 162:463–465
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Skerman V. B. D., McGowan V., Sneath P. H. A. 1989 Approved lists of bacterial names, amended edition. American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C:
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Spivey M. J. 1978; The acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation. Process Biochem 13:2–5
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Stackebrandt E., Goebel B. M. 1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:846–849
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Walton M. T., Martin J. L. 1979 Production of butanol-acetone by fermentation. 187–209 Peppier H. J., Perlman D.ed Microbial technology, 2nd. 1 Academic Press; New York, N.Y:
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Weyer E. R., Rettger L. F. 1927; A comparative study of six different strains of the organism commonly concerned in large-scale production of butyl alcohol and acetone by the biological process. J. Bacteriol 14:399–424
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Wilkinson S. R., Young M., Goodacre R., Morris J. G., Farrow J. A. E., Collins M. D. 1995; Phenotypic and genotypic differences between certain strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 125:199–204
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Yan R.-T., Zhu C.-X., Golemboski C., Chen J.-S. 1988; Expression of solvent-forming enzymes and onset of solvent production in batch cultures of Clostridium beijerinckii (“Clostridium butylicum”). Appl. Environ. Microbiol 54:642–648
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Zappe H., Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1986; Cloning and expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum endoglucanase, cellobiase and amino acid biosynthesis genes in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol 132:1367–1372
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-420
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-420
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed