1887

Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of 20 relapsing fever (RF) spp. were estimated on the basis of the sequences of genes. Complete sequences were aligned and compared with previously published sequences, and the similarity values were found to be 97.7 to 99.9%. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the three neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods. The results of the comparative phylogenetic analysis divided the RF spp. into three major clusters. One cluster included , and Another cluster comprised two main branches with , and on one side and , and on the other side. constituted the third cluster. The phylogenetic position of was more uncertain. These results suggested that the taxonomy of these spirochetes should be revised. To overcome the problems of culturing the spirochetes, RF primers were defined. Following PCR amplification of the gene, restriction length fragment polymorphism could be used to distinguish between RF strains.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-46-4-859
1996-10-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/46/4/ijs-46-4-859.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-46-4-859&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adam T., Graf B., Neubert U., Göbel U. B. 1992; Detection and classification of Borrelia burgdorferi by direct sequencing of 16S rRNA amplified after reverse transcription. Med. Microbiol. Lett 1:120–126
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baranton G., Postic D., Saint Girons I., Boerlin P., Piffaretti J. C., Assous M., Grimont P. A. D. 1992; Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and group VS461 associated with Lyme borreliosis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 42:378–383
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barbour A. G. 1984; Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J. Biol. Med 57:521–525
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barbour A G., Maupin G. O., Teltow G. J., Carter C. J., Piesman J. 1996; Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia sp. in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a Lyme disease-like illness. J. Infect. Dis 173:403–409
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burgdorfer W. 1976 The epidemiology of the relapsing fevers. 191–200 Johnson E. R. C.ed Biology of parasitic spirochetes Academic Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Burgdorfer W., Barbour A. G., Hayes S. F., Benach J. L., Grundwald E., Davis J. P. 1982; Lyme disease: a tick-borne spirochetosis?. Science 216:1317–1319
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Canica M. M., Nato F., du Merle L., Mazie J. C., Baranton G., Postic D. 1993; Monoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia afzelii sp. nov. associated with late cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis 25:441–448
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Clayton R. A., Sutton G., Hinkle P. S. Jr., Bult C., Fields C. 1995; Intraspecific variation in small-subunit rRNA sequences in GenBank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 45:595–599
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cutler S. J., Fekade D., Hussein K., Knox K. A., Melka A., Cann K., Emilianus A. R., Warrell D. A., Wright D. J. M. 1994; Successful in vitro cultivation of Borrelia recurrentis. Lancet 343:242
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Felsenfeld O. 1965; Borreliae, human relapsing fever, and parasite-vector host relationships. Bacteriol. Rev 29:46–74
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Felsenstein J. 1990 PHYLIP–phylogeny inference package (version 3.3) Department of Genetics; University of Washington, Seattle:
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fox G. E., Wisotzkey J. D., Jurtshuk P. Jr. 1992; How close is close: 16S rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 42:166–170
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fukunaga M., Takahashi Y., Tsuruta Y., Matsushita O., Ralph D., McClelland M., Nakao M. 1995; Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick Ixodes persulcatus, the vector for Lyme disease in Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 45:804–810
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Higgins D. G., Sharp R. 1989; Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. CABIOS 5:151–153
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hyde F. W., Johnson R. C. 1984; Genetic relationship of Lyme disease spirochetes to Borrelia, Treponema, and Leptospira spp. J. Clin. Microbiol 20:151–154
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Izraeli S., Pfleiderer C., Lion T. 1991; Detection of gene expression by PCR amplification of RNA derived from frozen heparinized whole blood. Nucleic Acids Res 19:6051
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson R. C., Burgdorfer W., Lane R. S., Barbour A. G., Hayes S. F., Hyde F. W. 1987; Borrelia coriaceae sp. nov.: putative agent of epizootic bovine abortion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 37:72–74
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Kawabata H., Masuzawa T., Yanagihara Y. 1993; Genomic analysis of Borrelia japónica sp. nov. isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol 37:843–848
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kumar S., Tamura K., Masatoshi N. 1993 MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, version 1.01 The Pennsylvania State University; University Park:
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Marconi R. T., Garon C. F. 1992; Identification of a 3rd genomic group of Borrelia burgdorferi through signature nucleotide analysis and 16S rRNA sequence determination. J. Gen. Microbiol 138:533–536
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Marconi R. T., Liveris D., Schwartz I. 1995; Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japónica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonii sp. nov.) isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol 33:2427–2434
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Marconi R. T., Lubke L., Hauglum W., Garon C. F. 1992; Speciesspecific identification of and distinction between Borrelia burgdorferi genomic groups by using 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes. J. Clin. Microbiol 30:628–632
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Meier J. T., Simon M. I., Barbour A. G. 1985; Antigenic variation is associated with DNA rearrangements in a relapsing fever Borrelia. Cell 41:403–409
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Nicolle C., Blaizot L., Conseil E. 1913; Etiologie de la fievre récurrente. Son mode de transmission par les poux. Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 27:204–225
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Paster B., Dewhirst F. E. 1995 Personal communication
  26. Picken R. N. 1992; Polymerase chain reaction primers and probes derived from flagellin gene sequences for specific detection of the agents of Lyme disease and North American relapsing fever. J. Clin. Microbiol 30:99–114
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Plasterk R. H. A., Simon M. I., Barbour A. G. 1985; Transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii. Nature (London) 318:257–263
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Postic D., Assous M. V., Grimont P. A. D., Baranton G. 1994; Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf (5S) rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:743–752
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ralph D., Postic D., Baranton G., Pretzman C., McClelland M. 1993; Species of Borrelia distinguished by restriction site polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 111:239–243
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rodhain F. 1976; Borrelia et fièvres récurrentes: aspects épidémiologiques actuels. Bull. Inst. Pasteur 74:173–278
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rodhain F. 1989; Les fièvres récurrentes dans l’oeuvre de Charles Nicolle. Med. Mal. Infect 19:768–772
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Rodhain F., Poupel O., Jacques J. C. 1991; Les Borrelia d’ornithodores de la région afro-tropicale: intérêt et limites des essais de protection croisée chez la souris. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot 84:30–45
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ruimy R., Breittmayer V., Elbaze P., Lafay B., Boussemart O., Gauthier M., Christen R. 1994; Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the genera Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas deduced from smallsubunit rRNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:416–426
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schwan T. G., Gage K. L., Karstens R. H., Schrumpf M. E., Hayes S. F., Barbour A. G. 1992; Identification of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii by using a species-specific monoclonal antibody. J. Clin. Microbiol 30:790–795
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Stackebrandt E., Goebel B. M. 1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:846–849
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Swofford D. L. 1992 PAUP: phylogénie analysis using parsimony, version 3.0 Illinois Natural History Survey; Champaign:
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Wayne L. G., Brenner D. J., Colwell R. R., Grimont P. A. D., Kandler O., Krichevsky M. I., Moore L. H., Moore W. E. C., Murray R. G. E., Stackebrandt E., Starr M. P., Triiper H. G. 1987; Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Reconciliation of Approaches to Bacterial Systematics. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 37:463–464
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. 1991; 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J. Bacteriol 173:697–703
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-46-4-859
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-46-4-859
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error