sp. nov. and sp. nov., Two Non-Sterol-Requiring Mollicutes from Plant Surfaces Free

Abstract

Two mollicutes (strains 0502 [T = type strain] and J233), which were isolated from the surfaces of broccoli ( var. ) plants or the crown tissues of the coconut palm (), were capable of sustained growth in serum-free (or cholesterol-free) mycoplasma broth media. Examination by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of a cell wall was found. The organisms were filterable and grew rapidly in most conventional mycoplasma culture medium formulations containing horse or fetal bovine sera under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The optimum temperature for growth of both organisms was 30°C, but multiplication occurred over a temperature range from 18 to 37°C. Both strains catabolized glucose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. The genome size of strain 0502 was 1,215 kbp, and the DNA base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) was 35.5 mol%. The genome size of strain J233 was 1,610 kbp, and the DNA base composition was 30.0 mol%. The two isolates were not serologically related to each other or to the type strains of 11 previously described species. Strain 0502 (= ATCC 49388) is the type strain of sp. nov., and strain J233 (= ATCC 49389) is the type strain of sp. nov.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-4-680
1994-10-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/44/4/ijs-44-4-680.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-4-680&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aluotto B. B., Wittler R. G., Williams C. O., Faber J. E. 1970; Standardized bacteriologic techniques for characterization of Mycoplasma species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 20:35–58
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Carle P., Rose D. L., Tully J. G., Bové J. M. 1992; The genome size of spiroplasmas and other mollicutes. IOM Lett. 2:263
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Carle P., Saillard C., Bové J. M. 1983; DNA extraction and purification. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:295–299
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Carle P., Saillard C., Bové J. M. 1983; Determination of guanine plus cytosine content of DNA. Methods Mycoplasmol 1:301–308
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Clark T. B., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Henegar R., Whitcomb R. F. 1986; Acholeplasmas and similar nonsterol-requiring mollicutes from insects: missing link in microbial ecology. Curr. Microbiol. 13:11–16
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Clyde W. A. Jr. 1983; Growth inhibition tests. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:405–410
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Eden-Green S. 1983; Culture techniques for plant mycoplasmas. Methods Mycoplasmol 2:235–241
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Eden-Green S., Markham P. G. 1987; Multiplication and persistence of Acholeplasma spp. in leafhoppers. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 49:235–241
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Eden-Green S., Markham P. G., Townsend R., Archer D. B., Clark M. F., Tully J. G. 1985; Plant pathogenicity and transmission tests with Acholeplasma spp. isolated from coconut palms in Jamaica. Ann. Appl. Biol. 106:439–449
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Eden-Green S., Tully J. G. 1979; Isolation ofAcholeplasma spp. from coconut palms affected by lethal yellowing disease in Jamaica. Curr. Microbiol. 2:311–316
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Edward D. G. 1947; A selective medium for pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1:238–243
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gardella R. S., Del Giudice R. A. 1983; Hemagglutination, hemadsorption, and hemolysis. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:379–384
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gardella R. S., Del Giudice R. A., Tully J. G. 1983; Immunofluorescence. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:431–439
    [Google Scholar]
  14. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes 1979; Proposal of minimal standards for descriptions of new species of the class Mollicutes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29:172–180
    [Google Scholar]
  15. McCoy R. E., Williams D. S., Thomas D. L. 1979 Isolation of mycoplasmas from flowers. 75–80 In McCoy R. E., Su H. (ed.) Proceedings of the Republic of China-United States Cooperative Science Seminar, Symposium Series INational Science CouncilTaipai, Taiwan
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Neimark H.C, Lange C. S. 1990; Pulsed-field electrophoresis indicates full-length mycoplasma chromosomes range widely in size. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5443–5448
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Neimark H. C, Tully J. G., Rose D., Lange C. 1992; Chromosome size polymorphism among mollicutes. IOM Lett. 2:261
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pyle L. E., Corcoran L. N., Cocks B. G., Bergemann A. D., Whitley J. C., Finch L. R. 1988; Pulsed-field electrophoresis indicates larger-than-expected sizes for mycoplasma genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:6015–6025
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Razin S., Tully J. G. 1970; Cholesterol requirement of mycoplasmas. J. Bacteriol. 102:306–310
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rose D. L., Tully J. G. 1983; Detection of β-D-glucosidase: hydrolysis of esculin and arbutin. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:385–389
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rose D. L., Tully J. G., Bové J. M., Whitcomb R. F. 1993; A test for measuring growth responses of mollicutes to serum and polyoxyethylene sorbitan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:527–532
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Senterfit L. B. 1983; Preparation of antigens and antisera. Methods Mycoplasmol 1:401–404
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Somerson N. L., Kocka J. P., Rose D., Del Giudice R. A. 1982; Isolation of acholeplasmas and a mycoplasma from vegetables. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:412–417
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Toth K. F., Harrison N., Sears B. B. 1994; Phylogenetic relationships among members of the class Mollicutes deduced from rps3 gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:119–124
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Tully J. G. 1983; Reflections on recovery of some fastidious mollicutes with implications of the changing host patterns of these organisms. Yale J. Biol. Med. 56:799–813
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Tully J. G. 1983; Cloning and filtration techniques for mycoplasmas. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:173–177
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Tully J. G. 1983; Tests for digitonin sensitivity and sterol requirement. Methods Mycoplasmol 1:355–362
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Tully J. G. 1984; The family Acholeplasmataceae, genus Acholeplasma. 781–787 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. M. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 1 Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Tully J. G. 1989; Class Mollicutes: new perspectives from plant and arthropod studies. 1–31 In Whitcomb R. F., Tully J. G. (ed.) The mycoplasmas vol. 5 Academic Press, Inc.; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tully J. G., Bové J. M., Laigret F., Whitcomb R. F. 1993; Revised taxonomy of the class Mollicutes: proposed elevation of a monophyletic cluster of arthropod-associated mollicutes to ordinal rank (Entomoplasmatales ord. nov.), with provision for familial rank to separate species with nonhelical morphology (Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov.) from helical species (Spiroplasmataceae), and emended descriptions of the order Mycoplasmatales, family Mycoplasmataceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:378–385
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Whitcomb R. F., Hackett K. J., Clark T. B., Henegar R. B., Clark E., Carle P., Bové J. M. 1987; Characterization of some new insect-derived acholeplasmas. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 23:699–703
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tully J. G., Whitcomb R. F., Hackett K. J., Rose D. L., Bové J. M., Carle P., Williamson D. L., Clark T. B. 1994; Taxonomic descriptions of eight new non-sterol-requiring mollicutes assigned to the genus Mesoplasma. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:685–693
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tully J. G., Whitcomb R. F., Rose D. L., Hackett K. J., Clark E., Henegar R. B., Carle P., Bové J. M. 1990; Current insight into the host diversity of acholeplasmas. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. (Suppl.) 20:461–467
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Weisburg W. G., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Petzel J. P., Oyaizu H., Yang D., Mandelco L., Sechrest J., Lawrence T. G., Van Etten J., Maniloff J., Woese C. R. 1989; A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 171:6455–6467
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Whitcomb R. F. 1983; Culture media for spiroplasmas. Methods Mycoplasmol. 1:147–158
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Williamson D. L., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Hackett K. J., Henegar R., Carle P., Bové J. M., Colflesh D. E., Whitcomb R. F. 1990; Mycoplasma somnilux sp. nov., Mycoplasma luminosum sp. nov., and Mycoplasma lucivorax sp. nov., new sterol-requiring mollicutes from firefly beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:160–164
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-4-680
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-4-680
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed