Assignment of the Agent of Tyzzer's Disease to Clostridium piliforme comb. nov. on the Basis of 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis

References

1. Bentley R. W., Leigh J. A., Collins M. D. 1991; Intrageneric structure of Streptococcus based on comparative analysis of small-subunit rRNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:487–494
   [Google Scholar]
2. Borriello S. P., Carman R. J. 1985; Clostridial diseases of the gastrointestinal tracts in animals. 195–221 In Borriello S. P. (ed.) Clostridia in gastrointestinal disease CRC Press; Boca Raton, Fla:
   [Google Scholar]
3. Brosius J., Dull T. J., Sleeter D. D., Noller H. F. 1981; Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 148:107–127
   [Google Scholar]
4. Brosius J., Palmer J. L., Kennedy J. P., Noller H. F. 1978; Complete nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4801–805
   [Google Scholar]
5. Cato E. P., George W. L., Finegold S. M. 1986; Genus Clostridium. 1141–1200 In Sneath P. H. A., Mair N. S., Sharpe M. E., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 2 Williams and Wilkins; Baltimore:
   [Google Scholar]
6. Cato E. P., Stackebrandt E. 1989; Taxonomy and phytogeny. 1–26 In Minton N. P., Clarke D. J. (ed.) Clostridia Plenum Press; New York:
   [Google Scholar]
7. Felsenstein J. 1981; Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J. Mol. Evol. 17:368–376
   [Google Scholar]
8. Felsenstein J. 1985; Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
   [Google Scholar]
9. Felsenstein J. 1989; PHYLIP—phytogeny inference package (version 3.2). Cladistics 5:164–166
   [Google Scholar]
10. Finegold S. M., George W. L. 1988; Therapy directed against Clostridium difficile and its toxins: complications of therapy. 341–357 In Rolfe R. D., Finegold S. M. (ed.) Clostridium difficile: its role in intestinal disease Academic Press; San Diego, Calif:
    [Google Scholar]
11. Fitch W. M. 1971; Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Syst. Zool. 20:406–416
    [Google Scholar]
12. Fries A. S. 1980 Antibodies to Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer’s disease) in sera from man and other species. 249–252 In Spiegel A. (ed.) Animal quality and models of biomedical research. Proceedings of the VII Symposium of the International Committee on Laboratory AnimalsGustav Fischer VerlagStuttgart, Germany
    [Google Scholar]
13. Frothingham R., Allen R. L., Wilson K. H. 1991; Rapid 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing from a single colony without DNA extraction or purification. BioTechniques 11:40–44
    [Google Scholar]
14. Johnson J. L., Francis B. S. 1975; Taxonomy of the Clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. J. Gen. Microbiol. 88:229–244
    [Google Scholar]
15. Jukes T. H., Cantor C. R. 1969; Evolution of protein molecules. 21–132 In Munro H. N. (ed.) Mammalian protein metabolism Academic Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
16. Kawamura S., Taguchi F., Ishida T., Nakayama M., Fujiwara K. 1983; Growth of Tyzzer’s organism in primary monolayer cultures of adult mouse hepatocytes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:277–283
    [Google Scholar]
17. Ludwig W., Weizenegger M., Betzel D., Leidel E., Lenz T., Ludvigsen A., Mollenhoff D., Wenzig P., Schleifer K. H. 1990; Complete nucleotide sequences of seven eubacterial genes coding for the elongation factor Tu: functional, structural and phylogenetic evaluations. Arch. Microbiol. 153:241–247
    [Google Scholar]
18. Olsen G. J. 1988; Phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal RNA. Methods Enzymol. 164:793–812
    [Google Scholar]
19. Olsen G. J., Matsuda H., Hagstrom R., Overbeek R. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
20. Olsen G. J., Overbeek R., Larsen N., Marsh T. L., McCaughey M. J., Maciukenas M. A., Kuan W.-M., Macke T. J., Xing Y., Woese C. R. 1992; The Ribosomal Database Project. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:2199–2200
    [Google Scholar]
21. Pasteur B. J., Dewirst F. E., Weisburg W. G., Tordoff L. A., Fraser G. J., Hespell R. B., Stanton T. B., Zahlen L., Mandelco L., Woese C. R. 1991; Phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes. J. Bacteriol. 173:6101–6109
    [Google Scholar]
22. Sheen J.-Y., Seed B. 1988; Electrolyte gradient gels for DNA sequencing. BioTechniques 6:942–944
    [Google Scholar]
23. Spencer T. H., Ganaway J. R., Waggie K. S. 1990; Cultivation of Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer) in mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Vet. Microbiol. 22:291–297
    [Google Scholar]
24. Swofford D. L. 1992 PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.0 Illinois Natural History Survey; Champaign:
    [Google Scholar]
25. Thunert A. 1982; Therapy and prophylaxis of Tyzzer’s disease (in vivo antibiogram of the three strains of B. piliformis). Z. Versuchstierkd. 24:206–213
    [Google Scholar]
26. Tyzzer E. E. 1917; A fatal disease of the Japanese waltzing mouse caused by a spore-bearing bacillus (Bacillus piliformis n. sp.). J. Med. Res. 37:307–338
    [Google Scholar]
27. Weisburg W. G., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Petzel J. P., Oyaizu H., Yang D., Mandelco L., Sechrest J., Lawrence T. G., Van Etten J., Maniloff J., Woese C. R. 1989; A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 171:6455–6467
    [Google Scholar]
28. Wilson K. H., Blitchington R., Hindenach B., Greene R. C. 1988; Species-specific oligonucleotide probes for rRNA of Clostridium difficile and related species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:2484–2488
    [Google Scholar]
29. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
30. Woese C. R., Gutell R., Gupta R., Noller F. 1983; Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic acid. Microbiol. Rev. 47:621–669
    [Google Scholar]
31. Zintz C. B., Beebe D. C. 1991; Rapid reamplification of PCR products purified in low melting point agarose gels. BioTechniques 11:158–162
    [Google Scholar]