gen. nov., sp. nov., a Member of the Beta Subclass of with a Novel Type of Anaerobic Respiration Free

Abstract

A recently isolated, selenate-respiring microorganism (strain AX [T = type strain]) was classified by using a polyphasic approach in which both genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were determined. Strain AX is a motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped organism with a singlepolar flagellum. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, this organism can be classified as a sp. However, a comparison of the 16S rRNA sequence of strain AX with the sequences of other organisms indicated that strain AX is most similar to members of the beta subclass (level of similarity, 86.8%) rather than to members of the gamma subclass (level of similarity, 80.2%) of the . The presence of the specific polyamine 2-hydroxyputrescine and the presence of a ubiquinone with eight isoprenoid units in the side chain (ubiquinone Q-8) excluded strain AX from the authentic genus and allowed placement in the beta subclass of the . Within the beta subclass, strain AX is related to . The phylogenetic distance (level of similarity, less than 90%), as well as a lack of common phenotypic characteristics between these organisms, prevents classification of strain AX as a member of the genus . In addition, strain AX possesses a unique mechanism for anaerobic respiration, which allows it to utilize selenate as an electron acceptor without interference by nitrate. Therefore, we propose that strain AX should be the first member of a new genus and species, .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-43-1-135
1993-01-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/43/1/ijs-43-1-135.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-43-1-135&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Auling G. The pseudomonads.. In Rehm H.-J., Reed G. (ed.) Biotechnology vol. , 1, 2nd ed.. in press Verlag Chemie, Weinheim; Germany:
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Auling G., Busse H.-J., Pilz F., Webb L., Kneifei H., Claus D. 1991; Rapid differentiation by polyamine analysis of Xanthomonas from phytopathogenic pseudomonads and other members of Proteobacteria interacting with plants. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:223–228
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Auling G., Probst A., Kroppenstedt R. M. 1986; Chemo- taxonomic and molecular taxonomy of d(—)-tartrate-utilizing pseudomonads. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 8:114–120
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Becking J. H. 1984; Genus Dencia Jensen, De and Bhattacharya 1969. 321–325 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 1 Williams Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bowman J. P., Sly L. I., Hayward A. C. 1988; Pseudomonas mixta sp. nov., a bacterium from soil with degradative activity on a variety of complex polysaccharides. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 11:53–59 Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bowman J. P., Stackebrandt E., Sly L. I. Unpublished data
  7. Busse H.-J. 1990; Chemotaxonomische und phylogenetische Charakterisierung von Schadstoffe abbauenden Gram-negativen Mikroorganismen. Ph.D. thesis University of Hannover, Hannover; Germany:
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Busse H.-J., Auling G. 1992; The genera Alcaligenes and “Achromobacter”. p. 2542–2555 In Balows A., Trper H.-G., Dworkin M., Harder W., Schleifer K.-H. (ed.) The prokaryotes. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Busse H.-J., EI-Banna T., Auling G. 1989; Evaluation of different approaches for identification of xenobiotic-degrading pseudomonads. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 55:1578–1583
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Busse H.-J., El-Banna T., Oyaizu H., Auling G. 1992; Identification of xenobiotic-degrading isolates from the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria by a polyphasic approach including 16S rRNA partial sequencing. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 42:19–16
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Busse H. J., Auling G. 1988; Polyamine pattern as a chemotaxonomic marker within the Proteobacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 11:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  12. De Vos P., De Ley J. 1983; Intra- and intergeneric similarities of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistrons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 33:487–509
    [Google Scholar]
  13. De Vos P., Goor M., Gillis M., De Ley J. 1985; Ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistron similarities of phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 35:169–184
    [Google Scholar]
  14. De Vos P., Kersters K., Falsen E., Pot B., Gillis M., Segers P., De Ley J. 1985; Comamonas Davis and Park 1962 gen. nov. rev. emend., and Comamonas terrigena Hugh 1962 sp. nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 35:443–453
    [Google Scholar]
  15. De Vos P., Van Landschoot A., Segers P., Tytgat R., Gillis M., Bauwens M., Rossau R., Goor M., Pot B., Kersters K., Lizzarag P., De Ley J. 1989; Genotypic relationships and taxonomic localization of unclassified Pseudomonas and Pseudomonas- like strains by deoxyribonucleic acid-ribosomal ribonucleic acid hybridizations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 39:35–49
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Dewhirst F. E., Paster B. J., Bright P. L. 1989; Chromobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella, Neisseria, Simonsiella, and Vitreoscilla species comprise a major branch of the beta group Proteobacteria by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence comparison: transfer of Eikenella and Simonsiella to the family Neisseriaceae (emend.). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 39:258–266
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gherna R., Pienta P., Cote R. (ed.) 1989; American Type Culture Collection Catalogue of Bacteria and Phages. , 17th ed. American Type Culture Collection; Rockville, Md:
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Glauert A. 1975; Practical methods in electron microscopy, fixation, dehydration and embedding of biological specimens. American Elsevier Publishing Co; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jenneman G. E., Montgomery A., Mclnemey M. J. 1986; Method for detection of microorganisms that produce gaseous nitrogen oxides. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 51:776–780
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kerstens K., De Ley J. 1984; Genus Alcaligenes Castellani and Chalmers 1919. p. 361–373 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Krieg N. R. 1984; Genus Aquaspirillum Hylemon, Wells, Krieg and Jannasch 1973. p. 72–90 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Logan N. A. 1989; Numerical taxonomy of violet-pigmented, gram-negative bacteria and description of Iodobacter fluviatile gen. nov. comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 39:450–156
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Macy J. M., Michel T. A., Kirsch D. G. 1989; Selenate reduction by a Pseudomonas species: a new mode of anaerobic respiration. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 61:195–198
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Moss M. O., Ryall C., Logan N. A. 1978; The classification and characterization of chromobacteria from a lowland river. J. Gen. Microbiol 105:11–21
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Neefs J. M., Van de Peer Y., Hendriks L., De Wachter R. 1990; Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 18:2237–2317
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Nelson D. C., Waterbury J. B., Jannasch H. W. 1984; DNA base composition and genome size of the prokaryotic symbiont in Riftia pachyptila (Pogonophora). FEMS Microbiol. Lett 24:267–271
    [Google Scholar]
  27. O’Connor S. P., Dorsch M., Steigerwalt A. G., Brenner D. J., Stackebrandt E. 1991; 16S rRNA sequences of Bartonella bacilliformis and cat scratch disease bacillus reveal phylogenetic relationships with the alpha-2 subgroup of the class Proteobacteria.. J. Clin. Microbiol 29:2144–2150
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Oyaizu H., Komagata K. 1983; Grouping of Pseudomonas species on the basis of cellular fatty acid composition and the quinone system with special reference to the existence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol 29:17–40
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Palleroni N. J. 1984; Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula 1894. p. 141–219 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rainey F., Dorsch M., Morgan H. W., Stackebrandt E. 1992; 16S rDNA analysis of Spirochaeta thermophila its phylogenetic position and implications for the systematics of the order Spirochaetales.. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 15:197–202
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Sattath S., Tversky A. 1977; Additive similarity trees. Psychometrika 42:319–345
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Smibert R. M., Krieg N. R. 1981; General characterization. p. 411–449In Gerhardt P., Murray R. G. E., Costilow R. N., Nester E. W., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R., Phillips G. B. (ed.) Manual of methods for general microbiology American Society for Microbiology; Washington D.C:
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sneath P. H. A. 1984; Genus Janthinobacterium De Ley, Segers and Gillis 1974. p. 376–377 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sneath P. H. A. 1984; Genus Chromobacterium Bergonzini 1881. p. 580–582 In Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Stackebrandt E., Murray R. G. E., Triiper H. G. 1988.; Proteobacteria classis nov., name for the phylogenetic taxon that includes the “purple bacteria and their relatives”. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 38:321–325
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Swings J., De Vos P., Van Den Mooter M., De Ley J. 1983; Transfer of Pseudomonas maltophilia Hugh 1981 to the genus Xanthomonas as Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) comb, nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 33:409–413
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Willems A., Busse J., Goor M., Pot B., Falsen E., Jantzen E., Hoste B., Gillis M., Kersters K., Auling G., De Ley J. 1989; Hydrogenophaga, a new genus of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria that includes Hydrogenophaga ftava comb. nov. (formerly Pseudomonas flava), Hydrogenophaga palleronii (formerly Pseudomonas palleronii), Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava (formerly Pseudomonas pseudoflava and “Pseudomonas carbox- ydoftava”), and Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis (formerly Pseudomonas taeniospiralis ). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 39:319–333
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Willems A., De Ley J., Gillis M., Kersters K. 1991; Comamonadaceae, a new family encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex, including Variovorax paradoxus gen. nov., comb, nov., for Alcaligenes paradoxus (Davis 1969). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 41:445–450
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Willems A., Falsen E., Pot B., Jantzen E., Hoste B., Van- damme P., Gillis M., Kersters K., De Ley J. 1990; Acidovorax, a new genus for Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas delafieldii, EF group 13, EF group 16, and several clinical isolates, with the species Acidovorax facilis comb, nov., Acidovorax delafieldii comb, nov., and Acidovorax temperans sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 40:384–398
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Willems A., Gillis M., Kersters K., Van den Broecke L., De Ley J. 1987; Transfer of Xanthomonas ampelina Panagopoulos 1969 to a new genus, Xylophilus gen. nov., and Xylophilus ampelinu (Panagopoulos 1969) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacterid 37:422–430
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Willems A., Pot B., Falsen E., Vandamme P., Gillis M., Kersters K., De Ley J. 1991; Polyphasic taxonomic study of the emended genus Comamonas: relationship to Aquaspirillum aquaticum, E. Falsen group 10, and other clinical isolates. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 41:427–444
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Woese C. R., Blanz P., Hahn C. M. 1984; What isn’t a pseudomonad: the importance of nomenclature in bacterial classification. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 5:179–195
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Woese C. R., Gutell R., Gupta R., Noller H. F. 1983; Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribo- somal ribonucleic acids. Microbiol. Rev 47:621–669
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Woese C. R., Weisburg W. G., Paster B. J., Hahn C. M., Tanner R. S., Krieg N. R., Koops H.-P., Harms H., Stacke- brandt E. 1984; The phylogeny of purple bacteria: the beta subdivision. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 5:327–336
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Yabuuchi E., Yano I., Oyaizu H., Hashimoto Y., Ezaki T., Yamamoto H. 1990; Proposals of Sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb, nov., Sphingomonasparapaucimobilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., Sphingomonas ad haesiva sp. nov., Sphingomonas capsulata comb, nov., and two genospecies of the genus Sphingomonas. Microbiol. Immunol 34:99–119
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-43-1-135
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-43-1-135
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed