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Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization indicated that species of the genera Methanogenium and Methanocorpusculum are phylogenetically diverse. The 10 strains examined in this study fall into four phylogenetically defined groups. The first group (Methanogenium marisnigri, Methanogenium bourgense, Methanogenium olentangyi, and Methanogenium thermophilicum) is physiologically the most diverse, containing mesophiles and thermophiles and containing marine and nonmarine organisms. The second group (Methanogenium aggregans, Methanocorpusculum parvum, and Methanocorpusculum labreanum) contains very small mesophilic coccoid organisms from anaerobic digestors. The third group contains a single species, Methanogenium tationis, which was isolated from a solfataric mud pool, and the fourth group contains the type species, Methanogenium cariaci, which is a marine organism. Based on the high deoxyribonucleic acid sequence similarity between Methanogenium aggregans and Methanocorpusculum parvum, we propose to transfer Methanogenium aggregans to the genus Methanocorpusculum, naming it Methanocorpusculum aggregans comb. nov. The type strain is strain MSt (= DSM 3027 = OGC 21). The species in the other three major groups are placed in the genus Methanogenium, although the lack of phylogenetic relatedness indicates that some of these organisms should be separated from Methanogenium cariaci into new genera. However, we propose that cataloging or sequencing of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from these species must be completed before new genera are designated.