Skip to content
1887

Abstract

sp. nov., an obligate anaerobe with desmolytic activity, was isolated from human fecal flora. The desmolase, not associated previously with any specific intestinal microorganism, cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of 17-hydroxylated corticoids at C17-C20, thereby converting them to androstans (C19 steroids). In primary cultures on sheep blood agar plates, forms minute, nonhemolytic colonies. The gram-positive rods (0.5 to 0.7 by 1 to 2.5 μm) are slightly curved. The rare oval terminal spores (0.8 to 2.0 μm in diameter) are extremely difficult to demonstrate in Gram-stained smears. More than 40% of the cells are fimbriated. Neither a capsule nor flagella are present. -Fructose, -glucose, lactose, -mannose, -ribose, and -xylose are fermented. The major fermentation products are acetic acid, ethanol, and hydrogen. The type strain is ATCC 35704 (Bokkenheuser strain 19).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-35-4-478
1985-10-01
2025-01-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/35/4/ijs-35-4-478.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-35-4-478&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bokkenheuser V. D., Morris G. N., Ritchie A. E., Holdeman L. V., Winter J. 1984; Biosynthesis of androgen from cortisol by a Clostridium species recovered from human fecal flora. J. Infect. Dis. 149:489–494
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bokkenheuser V. D., Winter J., Cohen B. I., O’Rourke S., Mosbach E. H. 1983; Inactivation of contraceptive steroid hormones by human intestinal clostridia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:500–504
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bokkenheuser V. D., Winter J., Dehazya P., DeLeon O., Kelly W. G. 1976; Formation and metabolism of tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone by human fecal flora. J. Steroid Biochem. 7:837–843
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bokkenheuser V. D., Winter J., Dehazya P., Kelly W. G. 1977; Isolation and characterization of human fecal bacteria capable of 21-dehydroxylating corticoids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:571–575
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cerone-McLernon A. M., Winter J., Mosbach E. H., Bokkenheuser V. D. 1981; Side-chain cleavage of cortisol by fecal flora. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 666:341–347
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Eriksson H., Gustafsson J. A. 1971; Excretion of steroid hormones in adults. Eur. J. Biochem. 18:146–150
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gustafsson J. A. 1968; Steroids in germ-free and conventional rats. Identification of C19 and C21 steroids in feces from conventional rats. Eur. J. Biochem. 6:248–255
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Holdeman L. V., Cato E. P., Moore W. E. C. 1977; Anaerobe laboratory manual. , 4. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg, Va:
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Johnson J. L. 1981; Genetic characterization. 450–472 Gerhardt T. Manual of methods of general microbiology American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Macdonald I. A., Hutchison D. M., Forest T. P., Bokkenheuser V. D., Winter J., Holdeman L. V. 1983; Metabolism of primary bile acids by Clostridium perfringens. . J. Steroid Biochem. 18:97–104
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Macdonald I. A., Roach P. D. 1981; Bile salt induction of 7α and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in Clostridium absonum. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 665:262–269
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Macdonald I. A., Rochon Y. P., Hutchison D. M., Holdeman L. V. 1982; Formation of ursodeoxycholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid by a 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating Eubacterium aerofaciens strain cocultured with 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating organisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:1187–1195
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Marmur G., Doty P. 1962; Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J. Mol. Biol. 5:109–118
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Nabarro J. D. N., Moxham A., Walker G., Slater J. D. H. 1957; Rectal hydrocortisone. Br. Med. J. 2:272–274
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nagassawa M., Bae M., Tamura G., Arima K. 1969; Microbial transformation of sterols. II. Cleavage of sterol side chains by microorganisms. Agric. Biol. Chem. 33:1644–1650
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Peterson G. E., Thoma R. W., Perlman D., Fried J. 1957; Metabolism of progesterone by Cylindrocarpon radicicola and Streptomyces lavendulae. . J. Bacteriol. 74:684–688
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ottow J. C. G. 1975; Ecology, physiology, and genetics of fimbriae and pili. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 29:79–108
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Rahim M. A., Sih C. J. 1966; Mechanisms of steroid oxidation by microorganisms. XI. Enzymatic cleavage of the pregnane side-chain. J. Biol. Chem. 241:3615–3623
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Rode L. J., Crawford M. A., Williams M. G. 1967; Clostridium spores with ribbon-like appendages. J. Bacteriol. 93:1160–1173
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Smith L. D., Hobbs G. 1974; Genus III. Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23. 551–572In Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E., Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8. The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Viola F., Caputo O., Galliano G., Delprino L., Cattel L. 1983; Side chain degradation and microbial reduction of different steroids by Aspergillus aureogulgens. . J. Steroid Biochem. 19:1451–1458
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Wade A. P. J., Slater D. H., Killie A. E., Holliday M. E. 1959; Urinary excretion of 17-keto steroids following rectal infusion of cortisol. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 19:444–453
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Wilkins T. D., Thiel T. 1973; Modified broth-disk method for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3:350–356
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Winter J., Morris G. N., O’Rourke-Locascio S., Bokkenheuser V. D., Mosbach E. H., Cohen B. I., Hylemon P. B. 1984; Mode of action of steroid desmolase and reductases synthesized by Clostridium “scindens” (formerly Clostridium strain 19). J. Lipid Res. 25:1124–1131
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Yanagawa R., Otsuki K. 1970; Some properties of the pili of Corynebacterium renale. . J. Bacteriol. 101:1063–1069
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-35-4-478
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-35-4-478
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error