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The Cryptococcus vishniacii complex (H. S. Vishniac and W. P. Hempfling, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29:153–158,1979) consists of seven species possessing less than 52% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology: Cryptococcus lupi, C. vishniacii, and five new species. Cryptococcus vishniacii Vishniac and Hempfling emend. auct. (additional characters include assimilation of l-aspartate, l-gluta-mate, 2-ketogluconate, and succinate) includes C. vishniacii var. vishniacii var. nov. (MYSW 304Y268 = ATCC 36649) assimilating (besides substrates common to the species) l-arabinose, citrate, l-proline (weakly), sucrose, raflfinose, and l-rhamnose (weakly); C. vishniacii var. wolfii var. nov. (MYSW 303Y216 = ATCC 46404), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose, citrate, sucrose, and raffinose; C. vishniacii var. asocialis var. nov. (MYSW 302Y312 = ATCC 46402), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose or citrate; and C. vishniacii var. vladimiri var. nov. (MYSW 302Y265 = ATCC 46403) differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating cellobiose, methyl-α-d-glucoside, and salicin but not l-proline or l-rhamnose. Cryptococcus asgardensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y310 = ATCC 46399) differs from C. vishniacii in being suppressed by 0.05 μg of cycloheximide ml–1 and differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, melezitose, and l-rhamnose but not d-galactose, myo-inositol, or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus haldrensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y259 = ATCC 46400) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, 2-ketogluconate, and melezitose but not d-mannitol or succinate. Cryptococcus hempflingii sp. nov. (MYSW 306Y212 = ATCC 46401) differs from all other described yeasts in that it utilizes NO3 –-N and assimilates melezitose and d-xylose but not d-mannitol, salicin, or succinate. Cryptococcus tyrolensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y336 = ATCC 46405) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, melezitose, salicin, and d-xylose but not cellobiose or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus wrightensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y206 = ATCC 46406) differs from all other described yeasts (except C. vishniacii) in producing cream colonies and in utilizing NO3 –-N and assimilating cellobiose, citrate, and melezitose but not l-arabinose, glycerol, or d-mannitol. C. wrightensis is phenotypically most similar to C. vishniacii var. vladimiri, differing from it by assimilating fumarate (weakly) and l-malate but not l-arabinose. Keys for yeast identification should include varietal listings.