A new species of Streptomyces is described for which the name S. longwoodensis is proposed. The organism produces a polyether ionophorous antibiotic, lysocellin. It is characterized by its gray spore mass color, spiral spore chain with smooth spores, chromogenic reaction on ISP media 1 and 6, and carbon utilization characteristics. It differs from all streptomycetes described previously on the basis of its carbon utilization, protein hydrolysis, and pigment production. The type strain of S. longwoodensis is Roche X-14537 (= ATCC 29251).
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