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Twenty-two strains of bifidobacteria from the feces of chickens, rats, and rabbits, and from sewage, formed a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology group displaying complete homology with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. animalis Mitsuoka biotype a strain R 101-8 (=ATCC 25527). The DNA relatedness of this group of strains to the known species of the genus Bifidobacterium ranged from 5 to 40%. Therefore, we propose that B. longum Reuter subsp. animalis Mitsuoka biotype a should be elevated to species rank as Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka) comb. nov. The type strain is ATCC 25527. Also, a small number of strains isolated from sewage are suggested as probably being distinctive bifidobacteria and are placed in two new groups designated “ minimum” and “subtile” The reference strains for these groups are F392 (=ATCC 27538) and F395 (=ATCC 27537), respectively.
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