Nanoplexes molecular patterns for vancomycin efficacy against methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus

The difficulty in treating life-threatening infections caused by MRSA is a global problem and conventional antibiotics are failing to provide effective therapy due to resistance development thus the need for innovative strategies to combat the problem... Nanoplexes are drug nanoparticles which form complex with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte and have shown to be effective drug delivery of antibiotics. The aim of this study is toexplore the in vitromolecular pattern of vancomycin (VCM) and dextran (VCM-DXT)nanoplexes in fluorescence emission enhancement, maximized membrane disruption, decrease protein concentration and DNA concentration inMRSA for a mechanistic understanding of VCM-DXT elimination of the bacteria. The nanoplexes were characterized for their in vitro electrical conductivity, membrane disruption, protein concentration determination and DNA quantification.The in vitroelectrical conductivity of the VCM-DXT-nanoplexes demonstrated an increase in the electrical conductivity from 0.321 ± 0.01 to 0.39 ± 0.11 mS cm-1. These indicatean increase in membrane permeability of bacteria by destroying the cell membrane leading to the leakage of cellular substance in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the VCM-DXT-nanoplexes revealed a maximum MRSA membrane destruction and high emission enhancement intensity of the biofilm obtained from high-resolution transmission microscopy and fluorescence microscopy respectively. The VCM-DXT-nanoplexes demonstrated 3-fold and 1.98-fold decreased in protein concentration and DNA quantification respectively compared to the control. The novel VCM-DXTnanoplexes could be a promising delivery system of VCM by effectively eliminating MRSA infections and prevention of emergence of resistance. This could go a long way in preserving the potency of VCM and extending the time-lapse before the development of resistance.