RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Vendele, Ingrida A1 Feizi, Ten A1 Spyrou, Maria A1 Stappers, Mark A1 Brown, Gordon A1 Willment, Janet A1 Silva, Lisete A1 Palma, Angelina A1 Chaie, Wengang A1 Liu, Yan A1 Gow, NeilYR 2021 T1 Spatial mapping of immunological epitopes in the Candida cell wall using C-type lectin probes JF Access Microbiology, VO 3 IS 12 OP SP po0129 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.cc2021.po0129 PB Microbiology Society, SN 2516-8290, AB The primary recognition event between a fungal pathogen and the immune system normally involves the engagement of a pattern recognition receptor with specific components of the cell wall. However, the cell wall is a complex three dimensional structure whose composition changes rapidly in accordance with environmental stimuli. Therefore it is important to know what is the precise nature of the primary recognition event, how many events occur to activate the immune response and how these recognition events are affected by changes in cell wall architecture, cellular morphogenesis and physiological adaptation of the pathogen to specific niches in the human body. We address this fundamental question using four soluble immune C-Type lectin receptor-probes which recognize specific mannans and β-1,3 glucan in the cell wall. We use these C-type lectin probes to demonstrate that mannan epitopes are differentially distributed in the inner and outer layers of fungal cell wall in a clustered or diffuse manner. Immune reactivity of fungal cell surfaces did not correlate with relatedness of different fungal species, and mannan-detecting receptor-probes discriminated between cell surface mannans generated by the same fungus growing under different conditions. These studies demonstrate that mannan-epitopes within fungal cell walls are differentially distributed and dynamically expressed as the fungus adapted to microenvironments that would be encountered in vivo., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.cc2021.po0129