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Volume 8, Issue 3

Diversity and clinical correlations of SARS-CoV-2 variant during the introduction of the Delta variant in Guatemala Open Access

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic surveillance is crucial for understanding viral evolution and guiding public health responses. However, many countries, particularly in Central America, have limited sequencing capacity, resulting in scarce and delayed data. This study addresses this gap by analysing 320 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced from a major diagnostic centre in Guatemala City, Guatemala, between April and August 2021. Clade 21J (Delta) was predominant (46.2%), followed by 19B (29.4%) and 20J (Gamma, 6.6%). The most reported symptoms were cough, headache, malaise and myalgia/arthralgia. Among patients infected with the Delta variant, 39.9% reported being contacts from a confirmed case, less than reported by the patients infected with non-Delta variants (53.2%, =0.017). The proportion of signs and symptoms was similar among these two groups, except for the history of fever, which was increased by ~twofold in the Delta group. This research contributes valuable genomic and epidemiological data to elucidate SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics in Central America and emphasizes the importance of global genomic surveillance for pandemic preparedness and response.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Delta variant , Guatemala and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Award S10OD026880)
    • Principal Award Recipient: NotApplicable
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Award S10OD030463)
    • Principal Award Recipient: NotApplicable
  • National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Award GRANT12901999, project accession no.1022658)
    • Principal Award Recipient: DanielR. Perez
  • Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (Award Contract # HHSN272201400008C)
    • Principal Award Recipient: Harmvan Bakel
  • Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (Award contract # 75N93021C00014)
    • Principal Award Recipient: Harmvan Bakel
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Award UL1TR004419)
    • Principal Award Recipient: NotApplicable
© 2026 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2026-03-03
2026-03-06

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/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000939.v3
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Diversity and clinical correlations of SARS-CoV-2 variant during the introduction of the Delta variant in Guatemala
Access Microbiology 8, 000939.v3 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000939.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000939.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000939.v3
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