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Volume 6, Issue 1

Turtle species and ecology drive carapace microbiome diversity in three seasonally interconnected wetland habitats Open Access

Abstract

Different species of freshwater turtles exhibit primary behaviours ranging from aerial basking to benthic bottom-walking, cycle between wet and dry conditions at different time intervals, and undertake short-distance overland movements between aquatic habitats. These behaviours in turn may impact the accumulation of microbes on external shell surfaces of turtles and provide novel niches for differentiation of microbial communities. We assessed microbial diversity using 16S and 18S rRNA metabarcoding on carapace surfaces of six species of freshwater turtles residing in three adjacent and seasonally interconnected wetland habitats in southeast Oklahoma (United States). Communities were highly diverse, with nearly 4200 prokaryotic and 500 micro-eukaryotic amplicon sequence variants recovered, and included taxa previously reported as common or differentially abundant on turtle shells. The 16S rRNA alpha diversity tended to be highest for two species of benthic turtles, while 18S rRNA alpha diversity was highest for two basking and one shallow-water benthic species. Beta diversity of communities was more strongly differentiated by turtle species than by collection site, and ordination patterns were largely reflective of turtle species’ primary habits (i.e. benthic, basking, or benthic-basking). Our data support that freshwater turtles could play a role in microbial ecology and evolution in freshwater habitats and warrant additional exploration including in areas with high native turtle diversity and inter-habitat turtle movements.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing , 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing , freshwater , metabarcoding and turtles
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (Award T-115-R-1)
    • Principal Award Recipient: EthanHollender
  • University of Central Oklahoma (Award NA)
    • Principal Award Recipient: MatthewParks
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2024-01-12
2026-03-06

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/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000682.v3
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Turtle species and ecology drive carapace microbiome diversity in three seasonally interconnected wetland habitats
Access Microbiology 6, 000682.v3 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000682.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000682.v3
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000682.v3
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