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Volume 5, Issue 5

Attempts to limit sporulation in the probiotic strain BG01-4 through mutation accumulation and selection Open Access

Abstract

The use of bacterial spores in probiotics over viable loads of bacteria has many advantages, including the durability of spores, which allows spore-based probiotics to effectively traverse the various biochemical barriers present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the majority of spore-based probiotics developed currently aim to treat adults, and there is a litany of differences between the adult and infant intestinal systems, including the immaturity and low microbial species diversity observed within the intestines of infants. These differences are only further exacerbated in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and indicates that what may be appropriate for an adult or even a healthy full-term infant may not be suited for an unhealthy premature infant. Complications from using spore-based probiotics for premature infants with NEC may involve the spores remaining dormant and adhering to the intestinal epithelia, the out-competing of commensal bacteria by spores, and most importantly the innate antibiotic resistance of spores. Also, the ability of to produce spores under duress may result in less perishing within the intestines and releasing membrane branched-chain fatty acids. The isolate BG01-4 is a proprietary strain developed by Vernx Biotechnology through accumulating mutations within the BG01-4 genome in a serial batch culture. Strain BG01-4 was provided as a non-spore-forming , but a positive sporulation status for BG01-4 was confirmed through testing and suggested that selection for the sporulation defective genes could occur within an environment that would select against sporulation. The durability of key sporulation genes was ratified in this study, as the ability of BG01-4 to produce spores was not eliminated by the attempts to select against sporulation genes in BG01-4 by the epigenetic factors of high glucose and low pH. However, a variation in the genes in isolate BG01-4-8 involved in the regulation of sporulation is believed to have occurred during the mutation selection from the parent strain BG01-4. An alteration in selected sporulation regulation genes is expected to have occurred from BG01-4 to BG01-4-8, with BG01-4-8 producing spores within 24 h, ~48 h quicker than BG01-4.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Bacillus subtilis , mutation accumulation , mutation selection , necrotizing enterocolitis , serial batch culture and sporulation
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Vernx Biotechnology Pty & La Trobe University (Award N/A)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LukeM Bosnar
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2023-05-26
2024-04-23
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Attempts to limit sporulation in the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis BG01-4TM through mutation accumulation and selection
Access Microbiology 5, 000419 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000419
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