1887

Access Microbiology open research platform logo

Volume 2, Issue 6

Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia Open Access

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common infectious disease in humans worldwide. The morbidity and mortality rates are high, especially in developing countries from Southeast Asia and Africa. While ARTI is commonly associated with viruses, there is limited data on the spectrum of viruses causing ARTI in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study was based on utilizing molecular techniques targeting a panel of 11 endemic and emerging respiratory viral pathogens including zoonotic viruses in a cohort of children and adults presenting at Tabanan General Hospital, Bali, with acute respiratory illness, from January to November 2017. In total, 98 out of 200 samples (49.0 %) tested positive for viruses. Our study confirmed 64.3 % viral etiology in children and 12.2 % in adults. Viruses that were detected were (15.0 %) followed by enteroviruses (12.0 %), influenza A virus (11.5 %), respiratory syncytial virus (8.0 %), (6.5 %), human metapneumovirus (3.5 %), (2.0 %), bocavirus (1.0 %) and (0.5 %). The study sheds light on the viral spectrum of ARTI in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Acute respiratory tract infection , Bali , etiology and virus
© 2020 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000120
2020-03-25
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/acmi/2/6/acmi000120.html?itemId=/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000120&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18:1191–1210 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals. The Lancet 2016; 388:3027–3035 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Richter J, Panayiotou C, Tryfonos C, Koptides D, Koliou M et al. Aetiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalised children in Cyprus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147041 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. World Health Organization Indonesia: WHO Statistical Profile [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from:.
  5. WHO media centre Pneumonia [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from:.
  6. Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed – Progress Report 2015 [Internet] UNICEF. [cited 2020 Jan 28]. Available from:.
  7. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Kementerian Kesehatan, RI; 2013. Available from:.
  8. Farrar J, Hotez P, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D et al. Manson`s Tropical Diseases, 23rd ed. Elsevier; 2014
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Berry M, Gamieldien J, Fielding BC. Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. Viruses 2015; 7:996–1019 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Wiyatno A, Antonjaya U, Ma'roef CN, Riswari SF, Djauhari H et al. Detection and identification of coxsackievirus B3 from sera of an Indonesian patient with undifferentiated febrile illness. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10:880–883 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Tong S, Chern S-WW, Li Y, Pallansch MA, Anderson LJ. Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2652–2658 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Watanabe Y, Ito T, Ibrahim MS, Arai Y, Hotta K et al. A novel immunochromatographic system for easy-to-use detection of group 1 avian influenza viruses with acquired human-type receptor binding specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 65:211–219 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Kapoor A, Mehta N, Esper F, Poljsak-Prijatelj M, Quan P-L et al. Identification and characterization of a new bocavirus species in gorillas. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11948 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, Zheng J, Gao Z et al. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med 2005; 202:415–424 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Lozano ME, Posik DM, Albariño CG, Schujman G, Ghiringhelli PD et al. Characterization of arenaviruses using a family-specific primer set for RT-PCR amplification and RFLP analysis. its potential use for detection of uncharacterized arenaviruses. Virus Res 1997; 49:79–89 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Anthony SJ, St Leger JA, Pugliares K, Ip HS, Chan JM et al. Emergence of fatal avian influenza in New England harbor seals. mBio 2012; 3:e00166–12 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Klempa B, Fichet-Calvet E, Lecompte E, Auste B, Aniskin V et al. Hantavirus in African wood mouse, guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:838–840 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Zhang D, He Z, Xu L, Zhu X, Wu J et al. Epidemiology characteristics of respiratory viruses found in children and adults with respiratory tract infections in southern China. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 25:159–164 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Bierbaum S, Forster J, Berner R, Rücker G, Rohde G et al. Detection of respiratory viruses using a multiplex real-time PCR assay in Germany, 2009/10. Arch Virol 2014; 159:669–676 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Liao X, Hu Z, Liu W, Lu Y, Chen D et al. New epidemiological and clinical signatures of 18 pathogens from respiratory tract infections based on a 5-year study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138684–15 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Zimmerman RK, Rinaldo CR, Nowalk MP, Balasubramani GK, Moehling KK et al. Viral infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory illness during the 2012-2013 influenza season. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:87 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Nascimento-Carvalho CM, Ruuskanen O. Clinical significance of multiple respiratory virus detection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35:338–339 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Chen Y, Williams E, Kirk M. Risk factors for acute respiratory infection in the Australian community. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101440 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Kamigaki T, Chaw L, Tan AG, Tamaki R, Alday PP et al. Seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses and the effect of climate factors in Subtropical-Tropical Asia using influenza-like illness surveillance data, 2010 -2012. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167712 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Cs K, Ic S, Ps H, Kf Q, Yf C. Epidemiology and Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections in Hospitalized Children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study of 27 Years [Internet]. BMC pediatrics. 2012 [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22429933/ .
  26. Oong XY, Chook JB, Ng KT, Chow WZ, Chan KG et al. The role of human metapneumovirus genetic diversity and nasopharyngeal viral load on symptom severity in adults. Virol J 2018; 15:91 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Jallow MM, Fall A, Kiori D, Sy S, Goudiaby D et al. Epidemiological, clinical and genotypic features of human metapneumovirus in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal, 2012 to 2016. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19: [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Taniguchi A, Kawada J-I, Go K, Fujishiro N, Hosokawa Y et al. Comparison of clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized young children. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:237242 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kumar P, Srivastava M. Prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for human metapneumovirus. Virusdisease 2018; 29:434–444 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Prasetyo AA, Desyardi MN, Tanamas J et al. Respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections. Intervirology 2015; 58:57–68 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Yin-Murphy M, Phoon MC, Chow VT. A recent epidemic of Coxsackie virus type A24 acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Singapore. Br J Ophthalmol 1986; 70:869–873 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Wu B, Qi X, Xu K, Ji H, Zhu Y et al. Genetic characteristics of the coxsackievirus A24 variant causing outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Jiangsu, China, 2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86883–86887 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Royston L, Tapparel C. Rhinoviruses and respiratory enteroviruses: not as simple as ABC. Viruses 2016; 8:16 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Wei S-H, Huang Y-P, Liu M-C, Tsou T-P, Lin H-C et al. An outbreak of coxsackievirus A6 hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with Onychomadesis in Taiwan, 2010. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:346 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Lo S-H, Huang Y-C, Huang C-G, Tsao K-C, Li W-C et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of coxsackievirus A6 infection in children in Northern Taiwan between 2004 and 2009. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2011; 44:252–257 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Puenpa J, Mauleekoonphairoj J, Linsuwanon P, Suwannakarn K, Chieochansin T et al. Prevalence and characterization of enterovirus infections among pediatric patients with hand foot mouth disease, herpangina and influenza like illness in Thailand, 2012. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98888 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ljubin-Sternak S, Marijan T, Ivković-Jureković I, Čepin-Bogović J, Gagro A et al. Etiology and clinical characteristics of single and multiple respiratory virus infections diagnosed in Croatian children in two respiratory seasons. J Pathog 2016; 2016:1–8 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000120
Loading
Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia
Access Microbiology 2, e000120 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000120
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000120
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000120
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error