Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis with Immunochromatography and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in a Japanese Clinic

Kimiko Kawata; Toshiyuki Hikita; Sayaka Takanashi; Hiroyuki Hikita; Kaori Ogita; Shoko Okitsu; Sheikh Ariful Hoque; Tung Gia Phan; Hiroshi Ushijima

doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000085

Volume 2, Issue 3

Research Article

Open Access

Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis with Immunochromatography and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in a Japanese Clinic

Kimiko Kawata¹, Toshiyuki Hikita², Sayaka Takanashi³, Hiroyuki Hikita², Kaori Ogita², Shoko Okitsu⁴, Sheikh Ariful Hoque⁵, Tung Gia Phan⁶ and Hiroshi Ushijima⁴
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Affiliations: ¹ Division on Nursing Sciences, Midwifery, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan ² Hikita Pediatric Clinic, 2-7-20 Nakamchi, Kiryu city, Gunma, 376-0035, Japan ³ Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan ⁴ Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiolgy, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan ⁵ Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh ⁶ Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
*Correspondence: Hiroshi Ushijima, [email protected]
Published: 03 December 2019 https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000085

Abstract

Despite the well known effectiveness of two licensed live attenuated oral rotavirus (RV)-vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, constant monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (VE) is essential considering the evolving power and reassortment capability of RVs. In this study, we detected RV, norovirus (NV) and adenovirus (AV) infections using immunochromatography (IC)-based kits in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) who attended a pediatric clinic in Kiryu city, Gunma, Japan during June, 2014–September, 2018. VEs were determined using a test-negative study design. Among 1658 AGE-children, RV, NV and AV were detected in 96 (5.8 %), 146 (8.8 %) and 46 (2.8 %) children, respectively. Interestingly, the distributions of infections were found to be associated with age and sex. Namely, RV infections were significantly higher in female (P=0.02) and in the 19–30 month age group children, while NV and AV infections predominated in the 13–24 month and 7–18 month age groups, respectively. The disease severity for RV and NV infections remained similar and significantly higher than that of AV infections. The VE of RV-vaccines was 49.8 % (95 % CI: 22.7 to 67.3 %) against all RV infections, which was increased up to 67.2 % (95 % CI: 35.3 to 83.4 %) against severe RV infections. RV-vaccinated children experienced less severe symptoms in RV-infections while non-RV AGE remained less serious for both RV-vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Finally, the prevalence of RV infection remained minimized (≤5.4 %) in this population since 2015. Thus, this study provided important information on distribution of major AGEs in young children and exhibited the effective role of RV vaccines in post-vaccine era.

Received: 19/11/2019
Accepted: 21/11/2019
Published Online: 03/12/2019

Keyword(s): adenovirus , immunochromatography , norovirus , Rotavirus , rotavirus-vaccine and vaccine effectiveness

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis with Immunochromatography and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in a Japanese Clinic

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Volume 2, Issue 3

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Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis with Immunochromatography and Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in a Japanese Clinic

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