Molecular screening of the human parvoviruses B19 and bocavirus 1 in the study of congenital diseases as applied to symptomatic pregnant women and children
Introduction. B19 virus (B19V) and bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) are human pathogenic parvoviruses that are prevalent worldwide and are responsible for a diverse and not yet fully established spectrum of clinical manifestations.
Objective. To screen B19V and HBoV1 in patients with clinical manifestations associated with acquisition of the infection during gestation.
Methods. A retrospective, observational study was performed that included serum samples from patients without a previous known aetiology. B19V and HBoV1 were determined by end-point PCR. Positive samples were genotyped.
Results. A total of 106 serum samples were analysed, 61 from pregnant women and 45 from neonates and paediatric patients. None were positive for HBoV1, while B19V was detected in 37/106 [34.9 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 26.5–44.4] of the samples studied. In the group of pregnant women, 28/61 (45.9 %, 95 % CI: 34.0–58.3) were B19V-positive, and 2 of them had foetal anaemia followed by hydrops and foetal death, 3 were associated with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and there was 1 case of spontaneous abortion. B19V was also detected in cases of maternal febrile exanthema, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and foetal ascites. In the group of children, 9/45 (20.0 %, 95 % CI: 10.9–33.8) neonatal patients were B19V-positive, and this was associated with foetal hydrops, TORCH syndrome and cardiac alterations. The nucleotide sequences analysed confirmed the identity of B19V genotype 1.
Conclusions. We found no evidence to indicate the presence of HBoV1 in maternal blood or in the newborns/paediatric patients (hence providing no support for the supposed vertical transmission). On the other hand, the high frequency of B19V in the pathologies studied indicates the importance of molecular diagnosis in both the mother and the child. Future efforts should contribute to early detection and characterization of infections.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ChenAY, GuanW, LouS, LiuZ, KleiboekerS et al. Role of erythropoietin receptor signaling in parvovirus B19 replication in human erythroid progenitor cells. J Virol2010; 84:12385–12396 [View Article]
PedrantiMS, BarberoP, WolffC, GhiettoLM, ZapataM et al. Infection and immunity for human parvovirus B19 in patients with febrile exanthema. Epidemiol Infect2012; 140:454–461 [View Article]
WawinaTB, TshianiOM, AhukaSM, PukutaES, AloniMN et al. Detection of human parvovirus B19 in serum samples from children under 5 years of age with rash–fever illnesses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Int J Infect Dis2017; 65:4–7 [View Article]
RezaeiF, SarshariB, GhavamiN, MeysamiP, ShadabA et al. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of human parvovirus B19 in children with measles- and rubella-like illness in Iran. J Med Virol2016; 88:947–953 [View Article]
ShabaniZ, EsghaeiM, KeyvaniH, ShabaniF, SarmadiF et al. Relation between parvovirus B19 infection and fetal mortality and spontaneous abortion. Med J Islam Repub Iran2015; 29:197
PasquiniL, SeravalliV, SistiG, BattagliniC, NepiF et al. Prevalence of a positive TORCH and parvovirus B19 screening in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios. Prenat Diagn2016; 36:290–293 [View Article]
GhiettoLM, MajulD, Ferreyra SoajeP, BaumeisterE, AvaroM et al. Comorbidity and high viral load linked to clinical presentation of respiratory human bocavirus infection. Arch Virol2015; 160:117–127 [View Article]
HedmanL, Söderlund-VenermoM, JarttiT, RuuskanenO, HedmanK. Dating of human bocavirus infection with protein-denaturing IgG-avidity assays—Secondary immune activations are ubiquitous in immunocompetent adults. J Clin Virol2010; 48:44–48 [View Article]
GuidoM, ZizzaA, BredlS, LindnerJ, De DonnoA et al. Seroepidemiology of human bocavirus in Apulia, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect2012; 18:E74–E76 [View Article]
WindischW, PieperM, ZiemeleI, RockstrohJ, BrockmannM et al. Case report latent infection of human bocavirus accompanied by flare of chronic cough, fatigue and episodes of viral replication in an immunocompetent adult patient, Cologne, Germany. JMM Case Reports20161–6
MartinET, FairchokMP, KuypersJ, MagaretA, ZerrDM et al. Frequent and prolonged shedding of bocavirus in young children attending daycare. J Infect Dis2010; 201:1625–1632 [View Article]
Proenca-ModenaJL, PaulaFE, BuzattoGP, CarenziLR, SaturnoTH et al. Hypertrophic adenoid is a major infection site of human bocavirus 1. J Clin Microbiol2014; 52:3030–3037 [View Article]
GünelC, KırdarS, ÖmürlüİK, AğdaşF. Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, human bocavirus and novel KI and Ku polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol2015; 79:423–427 [View Article]
PedrantiMS, Rodriguez-LombardiG, BracciaforteR, RomanoN, LujanP et al. Parvovirus B19 in HIV+ adult patients with different CD4+ lymphocyte counts. J Med Microbiol2017; 66:1715–1721 [View Article]
AllanderT, TammiMT, ErikssonM, BjerknerA, Tiveljung-LindellA et al. Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2005; 102:12891–12896 [View Article]
EndersM, LindnerJ, WenzelJJ, BaischC, SchalastaG et al. No detection of human bocavirus in amniotic fluid samples from fetuses with hydrops or isolated effusions. J Clin Virol2009; 45:300–303 [View Article]
RiipinenA, VäisänenE, LahtinenA, KarikoskiR, NuutilaM et al. Absence of human bocavirus from deceased fetuses and their mothers. J Clin Virol2010; 47:186–188 [View Article]
BeigiRH, WiesenfeldHC, LandersDV, SimhanHN. High rate of severe fetal outcomes associated with maternal parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol2008; 2008:1–4 [View Article]
BonviciniF, PuccettiC, SalfiNCM, GuerraB, GallinellaG et al. Gestational and fetal outcomes in B19 maternal infection: a problem of diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol2011; 49:3514–3518 [View Article]
LamontRF, SobelJD, VaisbuchE, KusanovicJP, Mazaki-ToviS et al. Parvovirus B19 infection in human pregnancy. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol2011; 118:175–186 [View Article]
PuccettiC, ContoliM, BonviciniF, CerviF, SimonazziG et al. Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy: possible consequences of vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn2012; 32:897–902
Al ShukriI, HamiltonF, EvansM, CooperS, McKenzieG et al. Increased number of parvovirus B19 infections in southeast Scotland in 2012–2013. Clin Microbiol Infect2015; 21:193–196 [View Article]
MasiniG, MaggioL, MarchiL, CavalliI, LeddaC et al. Isolated fetal echogenic bowel in a retrospective cohort: the role of infection screening. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol2018; 231:136–141 [View Article]
PedrantiMS, AdamoMP, MacedoR, ZapataMT. Prevalencia de anticuerpos antirrubéola Y antiparvovirus B19 en embarazadas de la ciudad de Córdoba Y en mujeres en edad fértil de la ciudad de Villa Mercedes, San Luis. Rev Argent Microbiol2007; 39:47–50
HellmundA, GeipelA, BergC, BaldR, GembruchU. Early intrauterine transfusion in fetuses with severe anemia caused by parvovirus B19 infection. Fetal Diagn Ther2018; 43:129–137 [View Article]
JainA, KantR. Genotypes of erythrovirus B19, their geographical distribution & circulation in cases with various clinical manifestations. Indian J Med Res2018; 147:239–247 [View Article]
JiaJ, MaY, ZhaoX, HuangfuC, ZhongY et al. Existence of various human parvovirus B19 genotypes in Chinese plasma pools : intergenotypic recombinant variants and new genotypes. Virol J20161–10
IvanovaSK, MihnevaZG, ToshevAK, KovalevaVP, AndonovaLG et al. Insights into epidemiology of human parvovirus B19 and detection of an unusual genotype 2 variant, Bulgaria, 2004 to 2013. Euro Surveill2016; 21:30116 [View Article]
EkmanA, HokynarK, KakkolaL, KantolaK, HedmanL et al. Biological and immunological relations among human parvovirus B19 genotypes 1 to 3. J Virol2007; 81:6927–6935 [View Article]
MühlemannB, MargaryanA, DamgaardPB, AllentoftME, VinnerL et al. Ancient human parvovirus B19 in Eurasia reveals its long-term association with humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2018; 115:7557–7562 [View Article]
Molecular screening of the human parvoviruses B19 and bocavirus 1 in the study of congenital diseases as applied to symptomatic pregnant women and children