ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles
Journal of General Virology ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles are a freely available series of concise, review-type articles that provide overviews of the classification, structure and properties of individual virus orders, families and genera.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles are written by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) study groups, comprised of leading experts in the field. The profiles summarise the individual chapters from the ICTV’s online 10th Report on Virus Taxonomy, and provide the latest taxonomic information on viruses.
The Microbiology Society is publishing these citable profiles online, while the full chapters are available to all through the ICTV website, thanks to a five-year Biomedical Resources grant from the Wellcome Trust.
Collection Contents
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fusariviridae 2024
Fusariviridae is a family of mono-segmented, positive-sense RNA viruses with genome sizes of 5.9–10.7 kb. Most genomic RNAs are bicistronic, but exceptions have up to four predicted ORFs. In bicistronic genomes, the 5′-proximal ORF codes for a single protein with both RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and RNA helicase (Hel) domains; little is known about the protein encoded by the second ORF. Fusarivirids do not appear to form virions. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Fusariviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/fusariviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hantaviridae 2024
Hantaviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 10.5–14.6 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by fish, reptiles, and mammals. Several orthohantaviruses can infect humans, causing mild, severe, and sometimes-fatal diseases. Hantavirids produce enveloped virions containing three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hantaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hantaviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Kolmioviridae 2024
Kolmioviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with circular, viroid-like genomes of about 1.5–1.7 kb that are maintained in mammals, amphibians, birds, fish, insects and reptiles. Deltaviruses, for instance, can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Kolmiovirids encode delta antigen (DAg) and replicate using host-cell DNA-directed RNA polymerase II and ribozymes encoded in their genome and antigenome. They require evolutionary unrelated helper viruses to provide envelopes and incorporate helper virus proteins for infectious particle formation. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Kolmioviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/kolmioviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Leishbuviridae 2023
Leishbuviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 8.0 kb that have been found in protists. The leishbuvirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Leishbuviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/leishbuviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Qinviridae 2023
More LessQinviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 7.3–8.2 kb that have been associated with crustaceans, insects, gastropods, and nematodes. The qinvirid genome consists of two segments, each with at least one open reading frame (ORF). The large (L) segment ORF encodes a large protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. The small (S) segment ORF encodes a nucleocapsid protein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Qinviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/qinviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Yueviridae 2023
More LessYueviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 7.8–8.2 kb that have been associated with crustaceans, insects, stramenopiles and plants. The yuevirid genome consist of two segments, each with at least one ORF. The large (L) segment ORF encodes a large protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase domain. The small (S) segment ORF encodes a nucleocapsid protein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Yueviridae, which is available at http://www.ictv.global/report/yueviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae 2023
Arenaviridae is a family for ambisense RNA viruses with genomes of about 10.5 kb that infect mammals, snakes, and fish. The arenavirid genome consists of two or three single-stranded RNA segments and encodes a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP) and a large (L) protein containing RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains; some arenavirids encode a zinc-binding protein (Z). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Arenaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/arenaviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Inoviridae
More LessMembers of the family Inoviridae are non-enveloped flexible filamentous bacteriophages (600–2500×6–10 nm) with supercoiled, circular, positive-sense, single-stranded DNA genomes of 5.5–10.6 kb, encoding 7–15 proteins. They absorb to the pili of Gram-negative bacteria and replicate their DNA by a rolling-circle mechanism with progeny released from cells by extrusion without killing the host. Phage DNA can persist extra-chromosomally or integrate into the bacterial genome. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Inoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/inoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Iridoviridae
The Iridoviridae is a family of large, icosahedral viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes ranging in size from 103 to 220 kbp. Members of the subfamily Alphairidovirinae infect ectothermic vertebrates (bony fish, amphibians and reptiles), whereas members of the subfamily Betairidovirinae mainly infect insects and crustaceans. Infections can be either covert or patent, and in vertebrates they can lead to high levels of mortality among commercially and ecologically important fish and amphibians. This is a summary of the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Iridoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/iridoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Iflaviridae
Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes of approximately 9–11 kilobases. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with the majority infecting insects. Both beneficial and pest insects serve as hosts, and infections can be symptomless (Nilaparvatalugens honeydew virus 1) or cause developmental abnormalities (deformed wing virus), behavioural changes (sacbrood virus) and premature mortality (infectious flacherie virus). The host range has not been examined for most members. The most common route of infection for iflaviruses is the ingestion of virus-contaminated food sources. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Iflaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/iflaviridae.
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