1887

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol on biofilm-grown and strains, as well as the effects of the oils on biofilm formation. For most of the (=6) and (=6) strains tested, the biofilm inhibitory concentration (0.125–0.500 %, v/v, for oregano, and 0.031–0.125 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) and biofilm eradication concentration (0.25–1.0 %, v/v, for oregano and 0.125–0.500 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) values were twofold or fourfold greater than the concentration required to inhibit planktonic growth. Subinhibitory concentrations of the oils attenuated biofilm formation of and strains on polystyrene microtitre plates.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46804-0
2007-04-01
2024-03-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/56/4/519.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46804-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adam K., Sivropoulou A., Kokkini S., Lanaras T., Arsenakis M. 1998; Antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum , Mentha spicata , Lavandula angustifolia , and Salvia fruticosa essential oils against human pathogenic fungi. J Agric Food Chem 46:1739–1745 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aeschbach R., Loliger J., Scott B. C., Murcia A., Butler J., Halliwell B., Aruoma O. I. 1994; Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem Toxicol 32:31–36 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Alam K., Nagi M. N., Badary O. A., Al-Shabanah O. A., Al-Rikabi A. C., Al-Bekairi A. M. 1999; The protective action of thymol against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharmacol Res 40:159–163 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bhattaram V. A., Graefe U., Kohlert C., Veit M., Derendorf H. 2002; Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of herbal medicinal products. Phytomedicine 9, (Suppl. 3):1–33
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Blanco A. R., Sudano-Roccaro A., Spoto G. C., Nostro A., Rusciano D. 2005; Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits biofilm formation by ocular staphylococcal isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:4339–4343 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown M. R. W., Gilbert P. 1993; Sensitivity of biofilms to antimicrobial agents. J Appl Bacteriol 74:87S–97S [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chami N., Bennis S., Chami F., Aboussekhra A., Remmal A. 2005; Study of anticandidal activity of carvacrol and eugenol in vitro and in vivo . Oral Microbiol Immunol 20:106–111 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2000 Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically , approved standard M7-A5 Wayne, PA: Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cramton S. E., Gerke C., Schnell N. F., Nichols W. W., Götz F. 1999; The intercellular adhesion ( ica ) locus in Staphylococcus aureus and is required for biofilm formation. Infect Immun 67:5427–5433
    [Google Scholar]
  10. De Vincenzi M., Stammati A., De Vincenzi A., Silano M. 2004; Constituents of aromatic plants: carvacrol. Fitoterapia 75:801–804 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dorman H. J. D., Deans S. G. 2000; Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 88:308–316 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Friedman M., Henika P. R., Mandrell R. E. 2002; Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni , Escherichia coli , Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella enterica . J Food Prot 65:1545–1560
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Griffin S. G., Wyllie S. G., Markham J. L., Leach D. 1999; The role of structure and molecular properties of terpenoids in determining their antimicrobial activity. Flavour Fragr J 14:322–332 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Helander I. M., Alakomi H. L., Latva-Kala K., Mattila-Sandholm T., Pol I., Smid E. J., Gorris L. G. M., von Wright A. 1998; Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on Gram-negative bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 46:3590–3595 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnson S. A., Goddard P. A., Iliffe C., Timmins B., Rickard A. H., Robson G., Handley P. S. 2002; Comparative susceptibility of resident and transient hand bacteria to para-chloro-meta-xylenol and triclosan. J Appl Microbiol 93:336–344 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Juven B. J., Kanner J., Schved F., Weisslowicz H. 1994; Factors that interact with the antibacterial action of thyme essential oil and its active constituents. J Appl Bacteriol 76:626–631 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Knowles J. R., Roller S., Murray D. B., Naidu A. S. 2005; Antimicrobial action of carvacrol at different stages of dual-species biofilm development by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:797–803 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lambert R. J. W., Skandamis P. N., Coote P. J., Nychas G. J. E. 2001; A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J Appl Microbiol 91:453–462 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mah T.-F. C., O’Toole G. A. 2001; Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol 9:34–39 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Manohar V., Ingram C., Gray J., Talpur N. A., Echard B. W., Bagchi D., Preuss G. 2001; Antifungal activities of origanum oil against Candida albicans . Mol Cell Biochem 228:111–117 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Nostro A., Blanco A. R., Cannatelli M. A., Enea V., Flamini G., Morelli I., Sudano Roccaro A., Alonzo V. 2004; Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiol Lett 230:191–195 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Ouhayoun J. P. 2003; Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouthwash. J Clin Periodontol 30, (Suppl. 5):10–12 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Robledo S., Osorio E., Munoz D., Jaramillo L. M., Restrepo A., Arango G., Velez I. 2005; In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicities and antileishmanial activities of thymol and hemisynthetic derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:1652–1655 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Skold K., Twetman S., Hallgren A., Yucel-Lindberg T., Modeer T. 1998; Effect of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Eur J Oral Sci 106:571–575 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Stammati A., Bonsi P., Zucco F., Moezelaar R., Alakomi H. L., von Wright A. 1999; Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food Chem Toxicol 37:813–823 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Trombetta D., Castelli F., Sarpietro M. G., Venuti V., Cristani M., Daniele C., Saija A., Mozzanti G., Bisignano G. 2005; Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:2474–2478 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ultee A., Gorris L. G., Smid E. J. 1998; Bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus . J Appl Microbiol 85:211–218 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ultee A., Kets E. P. W., Smid J. 1999; Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus . Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4606–4610
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ultee A., Bennik M. H., Moezelaar R. 2002; The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus . Appl Environ Microbiol 68:1561–1568 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Weber F. J., de Bont J. A. 1996; Adaptation mechanisms of microorganisms to the toxic effects of organic solvents on membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1286:225–245 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Zeytinoglu H., Incesu Z., Baser K. H. 2003; Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carvacrol in mouse myoblast cells bearing a human N-RAS oncogene. Phytomedicine 10:292–299 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46804-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46804-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error